The Importance Of Minor Characters Of Frankenstein

Rosikga Mohanalingam Mr. McDowell ENG4U1-04 Monday December 8th, 2014 Frankenstein: The Importance of Minor characters Every novel consists of minor characters that may seem to be useless aspects to the story but are actually very important. They have a purpose that helps carry out the main focus of the novel. They may serve as a means of revealing more about major characters as well as to advance or move along the plot. They can be either good or bad, serving as a central part of the story as without them the story falls apart and fail. Justine Moritz is a minor character that reveals more about Victor Frankenstein and becomes the reason for the creature’s desire to want a mate. Whereas Henry Clerval is the one person Victor can confide in who is not in the same emotional state as him and is a foil to his character. Moreover, through the Delacy family the creature learns the way of life and seeks retaliations. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein the novel as a whole is brought together with the help of minor character such as Justin Moritz, Henry Clerval and the Delacy family. Justine Moritz is the first minor character that has a significant role assists in developing the plot. Justine Moritz was the lovely servant who has been with the Frankenstein family since she was a little girl. She was the caretaker of William Frankenstein and has great love towards the Frankenstein family. Justine is a key component that helps with the character development of VictorShow MoreRelatedIn Frankenstein, a man arrogantly takes on the responsibility of giving birth, and the female characters pay for his arrogance. How far and in what ways do you agree with this view?1137 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿In Frankenstein, a man arrogantly takes on the responsibility of giving birth, and the female characters pay for his arrogance. How far and in what ways do you agree with this view? Reading Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1831) from a feminist perspective brings to light many questions of moral and ethical importance, particularly those associated with the idea of the male protagonist taking on the birthing role as expressed in this view. I very much agree with the negative stance on his usurpationRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1293 Words   |  6 Pagesenjoyable of ways and lacked some fun that many need in their life. This forced many to split their Public life from the Private one. Written in the Victorian Era, the works of The importance of being earnest by Oscar Wilde, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson ,and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley displays how the characters need to keep be kept their Private lives separate from their Public lives in order to fit into their strict Victorian society and how it ruin their lives. The Victorian EraRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesaccomplishment, but for Mary Shelley, it is more impressive to write a one-of-a-kind ghost story. Shelley created a thought-provoking storyline through the eyes of scientist Victor Frankenstein. Written in the 19th century, Shelley’s book became a memorizing read, unheard of from women. In her world-known novel Frankenstein, the scientist fulfills his goals of giving life to a spirit-less body, playing God. With this accomplishment, he kick-starts a gothic and bloody journey and is forced protect hisRead MoreThe Character Of Elizabeth By Mary Shelley1494 Words   |  6 PagesAdditionally, the character of Elizabeth, originally cited as a blood cousin to Victor but in the 1831 revision was downgraded to an orphan as to dispel the notion of incest, which was more acceptable in the Romantic Age than in the Victorian Era, possesses all the classical signs of a faultless, beautiful, a nd largely ignored love interest to Victor Frankenstein’s charming and thirsty for knowledge male persona. Elizabeth’s true purpose of the novel, other than to be sacrificed so Victor will finallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein Essay2255 Words   |  10 Pages Title: Frankenstein Author and Original Publication: Mary Shelley, 1818 MLA Citation:. Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, Walter James Miller, and Harold Bloom.Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus. New York: New American Library, 2000. Print. Pertinent biographical information on author: Mary Shelley, well known for her novel Frankenstein was born on August 30, 1797 in London, England. When traveling with a group of friends to Europe, they decided to be entertained by reading ghost storiesRead MoreNature Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1895 Words   |  8 Pagesin Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley uses the element of nature to portray the role of a motherly figure to Victor and his monster. Victor and his monster were deprived of parental love that a child requires. Instead, the necessary love is provided to both Victor and his monster via nature. Nature was also a source of motivation in their lives and played a major role in each of their actions. Whenever they were confronted with a challenge, both characters sought help from theRead More Essay on Shelleys Frankenstein and Miltons Paradise Lost3164 Words   |  13 PagesShelleys Frankenstein and Miltons Paradise Lost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even upon first glance, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and John Miltons Paradise Lost seem to have a complex relationship, which is discernible only in fractions at a time.   Frankenstein is Mary Shelleys reaction to John Miltons epic poem, in which he wrote the Creation myth as we perceive it today.   His characterizations of Adam and Eve and the interactions of Satan and God and the impending Fall seem to have almost taken a Biblical proportionRead MoreSalinger s The Catcher And Frankenstein 2040 Words   |  9 Pagestoday, ranging from minor jail time and fines, to water and sound torture and even death. However, isolation is perhaps the most impactful punishment used by law enforcement today. While most punishments affect either one’s physical health or one’s mental health, isolation has the ability to affect both substantially if one is sufficiently exposed to it. This can be seen in The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, through the ordeals of Holden Caulfield, and Frankenstein, written by Mary ShelleyRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 PagesTHE GLENCOE LITERATURE LIBRARY Study Guide for Frankenstein by Mary Shelley i To the Teachern The Glencoe Literature Library presents full-length novels and plays bound together with shorter selections of various genres that relate by theme or topic to the main reading. Each work in the Library has a two-part Study Guide that contains a variety of resources for both you and your students. Use the Guide to plan your instruction of the work and enrich your classroom presentations. InRead MoreOutline on Frankenstein3283 Words   |  14 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley In the Gothic novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley integrates the rhetorical devices figurative language, imagery, and tone to impart the concept that the desire to acquire knowledge and emulate God will ultimately result in chaos and havoc that exceeds the boundaries of human restraint. I. Life of Mary Shelley / Characteristics of Gothic Literature A. Life of Mary Shelley 1. Eleven days after Mary Shelleys birth, her mother, the famed author of A Vindication

Decision Driven Organisation Free Essays

The Decision-Driven Organization Harvard Business Review – June 2010 The subject discussed in the article â€Å"Decision–Driven Organization† is that structural reorganizations should be done based on the decisions that matter the most to the organization instead of the goals that the organization is trying to reach. The coauthors stressed on how important this issue is and that it should be taken into consideration by organizations while preparing for reorganization since. As shown in the examples provided, a lot of companies went through structural changes for the wrong reasons aiming at a better performance and ended up decreasing it instead of increasing it. We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Driven Organisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, the examples about decision-driven reorganization had better results in improving the company’s performance. The coauthors focused in specific on the reasons why reorganization should be done around the set of critical decisions for an organization and supported it with examples and surveys about reputed companies showing that reorganizations around goals failed in view of the facts that it ignored the decision making process and that performance and structure don’t have a strong relationship. The arguments that the authors used to demonstrate his point are the performance and the importance of decisions. As per the coauthors, the main goal of all reorganization is to reach better performance. What the managers fail to see is, that the performance of an organization is not only determined by the organization’s structure; as shown by the examples provided in this article, sometimes changing the structure to meet a certain goal can slow the decision making and create problems rather than help solve them which results in a poor performance. The methodology used in this point is very convincing especially that it shows the result of a survey conducted on a large amount of organizations worldwide, and the coauthors added a short test to give the readers the ability to compare the result of their organization to the result of those who were subject to the survey. The coauthors also debated the fact that using a SWOT analysis is not the right tool to be used while starting reorganization and suggested to start it with decision audit instead; a decision audit is done by considering two types of critical decisions, big decisions which have separately a major impact and small decisions which have altogether an important impact; and then, if and only if reorganization is necessary it should be applied where the decisions matter the most. The authors also supported this suggestion with an actual example dated from 2006 which strengthened their point. Each suggestion in the decision audit was supported with an example which attracted the reader towards using this strategy. Another tool used by the coauthors to help the readers rethink twice before reorganizing a company is a small survey that should be conducted on the company in hand in order to check if the reorganization is needed or not. The authors also discussed how to conduct a decision-driven structure and what are the steps to be followed chronologically. How to cite Decision Driven Organisation, Essay examples

Present Evaluating A Capital Budgeting †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about present evaluating a capital budgeting? Answer: Introduction A company named Equine Industries at present is evaluating a capital budgeting proposal which seeks to manufacture a horse feed which is high in protein. Various information about the key aspects of the project along with the expected incremental benefits and costs have been offered. In light of this information, the key objective of this report is to offer recommendation with regards to whether this project should be pursued further or not based on the application of relevant budgeting techniques particularly NPV (Net Present Value) and Payback Period. Analysis The given information in relation to determination of incremental project cash flows are indicated below. Cost of machine This would consist of not only the equipment cost but also the installation and transport cost (Damodaran, 2010). Hence total cost of machine at t=0 is $ 880,000 Depreciation Depreciation is charged on the asset at a straight line basis assuming a 10 year life of the equipment Hence annual depreciation = 880000/10 = $ 88,000 Disposal of machine At the end of the useful life of project of 5 years, the machine would be sold at $ 300,000 which would become the salvage value (Ross et. al., 2007). Book value of machine after five years = 880,000 (88000*5) = $440,000 Hence, loss on disposal of equipment = 440000 300000 = $ 140,000 Even though this is a non-cash charge, but it would reduce the tax liability and hence would be extended a treatment similar to depreciation (Titman et. al., 2016). Sunk Cost The cost of the market survey amounting to $ 35,000 would be sunk cost and hence not considered for the project evaluation as it is not an incremental cost (Brealey, Myers and Allen, 2012). Opportunity Cost The rent received by the warehouse till the last year amounted to $ 100,000 per year. Since the warehouse would be used in the project, hence an yearly cost of $ 100,000 would be the opportunity cost associated with the project and would be used for project evaluation (Damodaran, 2010). It is assumed that the working capital invested initially in the project would be recovered at the end of the useful life of the project which is at the end of five years. Also, the variable expenses are known to be 70% of the incremental revenues which are expected to increase by 10% on an annual basis. The WACC of the project is 12% while the applicable rate of tax is 30%. The incremental cashflow generated by the project based on the information discussed above and presented in the case is as indicated below (Titman et. al., 2016). Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 Incremental Revenues 1300000 1430000 1573000 1730300 1903330 (-) loss of revenues 200000 200000 200000 200000 200000 (-) Incremental manufacturing cost 910000 1001000 1101100 1211210 1332331 (+) Decrease in manufacturing cost 150000 150000 150000 150000 150000 (-) Cost of equipment 880000 (-) Depreciation 88000 88000 88000 88000 88000 (-) Training costs 45000 30000 (-) Investment in working capital 250000 (-) Loss of rent for warehouse 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 (-) Loss on sale of equipment 140000 (+) Salvage Value 300000 (+) Recovery of working capital 250000 Cash flow before tax -1175000 122000 191000 233900 281090 742999 Tax @ 30% 0 36600 57300 70170 84327 222900 Cash flow post tax -1175000 85400 133700 163730 196763 520099 (+) Depreciation 88000 88000 88000 88000 88000 (+) Loss on sale of equipment 140000 Net cash flow post tax ($) -1,175,000 173,400 221,700 251,730 284,763 748,099 Based on the above incremental cashflows post-tax, the NPV of the project is as estimated below (Ross et. al., 2016). Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 Incremental Revenues 1300000 1430000 1573000 1730300 1903330 (-) loss of revenues 200000 200000 200000 200000 200000 (-) Incremental manufacturing cost 910000 1001000 1101100 1211210 1332331 (+) Decrease in manufacturing cost 150000 150000 150000 150000 150000 (-) Cost of equipment 880000 (-) Depreciation 88000 88000 88000 88000 88000 (-) Training costs 45000 30000 (-) Investment in working capital 250000 (-) Loss of rent for warehouse 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 (-) Loss on sale of equipment 140000 (+) Salvage Value 300000 (+) Recovery of working capital 250000 Cash flow before tax -1175000 122000 191000 233900 281090 742999 Tax @ 30% 0 36600 57300 70170 84327 222900 Cash flow post tax -1175000 85400 133700 163730 196763 520099 (+) Depreciation 88000 88000 88000 88000 88000 (+) Loss on sale of equipment 140000 Net cash flow post tax -1175000 173400 221700 251730 284763 748099 PV factor (@ 12%) 1 0.89286 0.79719 0.71178 0.63552 0.56743 Present value of cash flows ($) -1175000 154821 176738 179176 180972 424492 NPV ($) -58,801 Also, as computed in the spreadsheet the payback period of the project comes out to be 4.33 years. Recommendation In accordance with the company policy, it is pivotal that the payback period must not be greater than 3 years. However, it is evident that the payback period for the current project is coming out to be more than the stipulated valued of 3 years that is sanctioned by the company. Further, since the payback period does not consider the time value of money, it is worthwhile to take the NPV or Net Present Value into consideration also since it is the most widely used measure in capital budgeting (Damodaran, 2010). The NPV for the project as indicated above is negative i.e. -$ 58,801. On account of the negative NPV and payback period of greater than 3 years, it may be fair to conclude that the given proceed is commercially not feasible and hence the company must not proceed with this project (Brealey,Myers and Allen, 2012). References Brealey, R.A., Myers, S.C. and Allen, F. (2012)Principles of corporate finance. 2nd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.,US. Damodaran, A. (2010)Applied corporate finance: A users manual. 3rd edn. New York: Wiley, John Sons. Ross, S.A., Trayler, R., Bird, R. and al, et (2007)Essentials of corporate finance. Sydney, Australia: McGraw-Hill Australia. Titman, S, Martin, T, Keown, AJ Martin, JD (2016), Financial management: principles and applications, 7th edn, Victoria: Pearson Australia

THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay Example For Students

THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay Some people believe that recessions are neither good nor bad but simply part of the natural survival of the fittest in the business world. Actually, it is not true. In The Costs of Unemployment, the authors tell us both the good and bad influences of recessions. Recessions will cause unemployment because of the loss of output and GNP. Some people may argue that unemployment is a part of the functioning of the economy. They are partly right, for the unemployment is inevitable because of the dynamic economy. This kind of unemployment is called natural rate of unemploymentthe sum of frictional and structural unemployment. However, this is only a part of unemployment. Because the firms cut back and produce less when they experience recessions, they will employ fewer workers. Therefore, the unemployment rate rises. This increase in unemployment caused by recessions and depressions is called cyclical unemployment. We will write a custom essay on THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Recessions cause social consequences. During the recessions, the unemployed L 2 suffers a lot. The authors say that many people lost their savings as the stock market crashed and thousands of banks failed. What they can depend on is only the meager relief distributed by the government. In addition, prolonged unemployment may also bring with it a number of social and person ills: anxiety, depression, a deterioration of physical and psychological health, drug abuse, and suicide. Thirdly, recessions may lead to lost output in the future. When the companies experience recessions, they will reduce their investment and produce fewer products. As we all know, the investment is very important to future economic growth and progress. The more the investment is reduced, the longer we will spend on the growth of economy. On the other hand, recessions also have some benefits. First of all, recessions may reduce the rate of inflation. Secondly, in order to get survival in the recessions, companies must take some measures, such as trimming waste, managing resources better, and so on. Those who are inefficient will be driven out of business. Therefore, the efficiency is increased. Finally, recessions lead to a decrease in the demand for imports, which improves a nations balance of payment. All in all, this article shows that the recessions have both the good and bad influences. We can not simply regard it as a part of the natural survival of the fittest in the business world. . The Summary Of The Costs Of Unemployment Essay Example For Students The Summary Of The Costs Of Unemployment Essay The Summary Of The Costs Of Unemployment Essay Some people believe that recessions are neither good nor bad but simply part of the natural survival of the fittest in the business world. Actually, it is not true. In The Costs of Unemployment, the authors tell us both the good and bad influences of recessions. Recessions will cause unemployment because of the loss of output and GNP. Some people may argue that unemployment is a part of the functioning of the economy. We will write a custom essay on The Summary Of The Costs Of Unemployment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They are partly right, for the unemployment is inevitable because of the dynamic economy. This kind of unemployment is called natural rate of unemploymentthe sum of frictional and structural unemployment. However, this is only a part of unemployment. Because the firms cut back and produce less when they experience recessions, they will employ fewer workers. Therefore, the unemployment rate rises. This increase in unemployment caused by recessions and depressions is called cyclical unemployment. Recessions cause social consequences. During the recessions, the unemployed L 2 suffers a lot. The authors say that many people lost their savings as the stock market crashed and thousands of banks failed. What they can depend on is only the meager relief distributed by the government. In addition, prolonged unemployment may also bring with it a number of social and person ills: anxiety, depression, a deterioration of physical and psychological health, drug abuse, and suicide. Thirdly, recessions may lead to lost output in the future. When the companies experience recessions, they will reduce their investment and produce fewer products. As we all know, the investment is very important to future economic growth and progress. The more the investment is reduced, the longer we will spend on the growth of economy. On the other hand, recessions also have some benefits. First of all, recessions may reduce the rate of inflation. Secondly, in order to get survival in the recessions, companies must take some measures, such as trimming waste, managing resources better, and so on. Those who are inefficient will be driven out of business. Therefore, the efficiency is increased. Finally, recessions lead to a decrease in the demand for imports, which improves a nations balance of payment. All in all, this article shows that the recessions have both the good and bad influences. We can not simply regard it as a part of the natural survival of the fittest in the business world. . THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay Example For Students THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay Some people believe that recessions are neither good nor bad but simply part of the natural survival of the fittest in the business world. Actually, it is not true. In The Costs of Unemployment, the authors tell us both the good and bad influences of recessions. Recessions will cause unemployment because of the loss of output and GNP. Some people may argue that unemployment is a part of the functioning of the economy. They are partly right, for the unemployment is inevitable because of the dynamic economy. This kind of unemployment is called natural rate of unemploymentthe sum of frictional and structural unemployment. However, this is only a part of unemployment. Because the firms cut back and produce less when they experience recessions, they will employ fewer workers. Therefore, the unemployment rate rises. This increase in unemployment caused by recessions and depressions is called cyclical unemployment. We will write a custom essay on THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Recessions cause social consequences. During the recessions, the unemployed L 2 suffers a lot. The authors say that many people lost their savings as the stock market crashed and thousands of banks failed. What they can depend on is only the meager relief distributed by the government. In addition, prolonged unemployment may also bring with it a number of social and person ills: anxiety, depression, a deterioration of physical and psychological health, drug abuse, and suicide. Thirdly, recessions may lead to lost output in the future. When the companies experience recessions, they will reduce their investment and produce fewer products. As we all know, the investment is very important to future economic growth and progress. The more the investment is reduced, the longer we will spend on the growth of economy. On the other hand, recessions also have some benefits. First of all, recessions may reduce the rate of inflation. Secondly, in order to get survival in the recessions, companies must take some measures, such as trimming waste, managing resources better, and so on. Those who are inefficient will be driven out of business. Therefore, the efficiency is increased. Finally, recessions lead to a decrease in the demand for imports, which improves a nations balance of payment. All in all, this article shows that the recessions have both the good and bad influences. We can not simply regard it as a part of the natural survival of the fittest in the business world. Book Reports . THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay Example For Students THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay Word Count: 518 Some people believe that recessions are neither good nor bad but simply part of the natural survival of the fittest in the business world. Actually, it is not true. In The Costs of Unemployment, the authors tell us both the good and bad influences of recessions. Recessions will cause unemployment because of the loss of output and GNP. Some people may argue that unemployment is a part of the functioning of the economy. We will write a custom essay on THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They are partly right, for the unemployment is inevitable because of the dynamic economy. This kind of unemployment is called natural rate of unemploymentthe sum of frictional and structural unemployment. However, this is only a part of unemployment. Because the firms cut back and produce less when they experience recessions, they will employ fewer workers. Therefore, the unemployment rate rises. This increase in unemployment caused by recessions and depressions is called cyclical unemployment. Recessions cause social consequences. During the recessions, the unemployed L 2 suffers a lot. The authors say that many people lost their savings as the stock market crashed and thousands of banks failed. What they can depend on is only the meager relief distributed by the government. In addition, prolonged unemployment may also bring with it a number of social and person ills: anxiety, depression, a deterioration of physical and psychological health, drug abuse, and suicide. Thirdly, recessions may lead to lost output in the future. When the companies experience recessions, they will reduce their investment and produce fewer products. As we all know, the investment is very important to future economic growth and progress. The more the investment is reduced, the longer we will spend on the growth of economy. On the other hand, recessions also have some benefits. First of all, recessions may reduce the rate of inflation. Secondly, in order to get survival in the recessions, companies must take some measures, such as trimming waste, managing resources better, and so on. Those who are inefficient will be driven out of business. Therefore, the efficiency is increased. Finally, recessions lead to a decrease in the demand for imports, which improves a nations balance of payment. All in all, this article shows that the recessions have both the good and bad influences. We can not simply regard it as a part of the natural survival of the fittest in the business world. . THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay Example For Students THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Essay Some people believe that recessions are neither good nor bad but simply part of the natural survival of the fittest in the business world. Actually, it is not true. In The Costs of Unemployment, the authors tell us both the good and bad influences of recessions. Recessions will cause unemployment because of the loss of output and GNP. Some people may argue that unemployment is a part of the functioning of the economy. They are partly right, for the unemployment is inevitable because of the dynamic economy. This kind of unemployment is called natural rate of unemploymentthe sum of frictional and structural unemployment. However, this is only a part of unemployment. Because the firms cut back and produce less when they experience recessions, they will employ fewer workers. Therefore, the unemployment rate rises. This increase in unemployment caused by recessions and depressions is called cyclical unemployment. We will write a custom essay on THE SUMMARY OF THE COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Recessions cause social consequences. During the recessions, the unemployed L 2 suffers a lot. The authors say that many people lost their savings as the stock market crashed and thousands of banks failed. What they can depend on is only the meager relief distributed by the government. In addition, prolonged unemployment may also bring with it a number of social and person ills: anxiety, depression, a deterioration of physical and psychological health, drug abuse, and suicide. Thirdly, recessions may lead to lost output in the future. When the companies experience recessions, they will reduce their investment and produce fewer products. As we all know, the investment is very important to future economic growth and progress. The more the investment is reduced, the longer we will spend on the growth of economy. On the other hand, recessions also have some benefits. First of all, recessions may reduce the rate of inflation. Secondly, in order to get survival in the recessions, companies must take some measures, such as trimming waste, managing resources better, and so on. Those who are inefficient will be driven out of business. Therefore, the efficiency is increased. Finally, recessions lead to a decrease in the demand for imports, which improves a nations balance of payment. All in all, this article shows that the recessions have both the good and bad influences. We can not simply regard it as a part of the natural survival of the fittest in the business world. Category: Book Reports .

Adapting to a New Environment essay Essay Example

Adapting to a New Environment essay Essay Example Adapting to a New Environment essay Paper Adapting to a New Environment essay Paper Human begins are very adaptable. We can live in most climates of the world. In the past, people tended to stay in the place they were born, but now we move easily from countryside to city, from one part of a country to another, and even from country to country. Each place has its own customs and ways of life, and countries also have different languages. When I moved from Vietnam to the united States, I had to make adjustments to my life. First of all, when I came to the United States, I didnt know how to speak English. I was very scared when I met someone. I thought about it every day because English is one of the hardest things is to communicate with native speakers. If you dont know it, it is difficult for you to do something. Then Ive lost a lot of time to study English. In short, I feel under pressure Often, and I wonder about a drug to acquire this language quickly. Secondly, America has different customs from Vietnam, for example, if you make plans with someone, you should go on time. Three to five minutes early is even better, because it shows that you are really interested to spend time with another person. Most of the time, people will wait five or ten minutes, but more than hat and they will angry, and they never want to make plans with you again. It shows you are not polite. If you late, or you cant come. You should phone the person at once and explain why. Dont be late repeatedly because it is the worst. You will become a bad guy. All in all, had to adjust and leave the old Vietnamese habit behind. Thirdly, the transportation in the United States was a concern to me because didnt know how to drive car, and I dont have anything to help me go. If I want to go somewhere, I have to go for a walk, and it takes long time to go. It is a disadvantage to me when want to go somewhere. I never had this problem in my country. Its easy to go somewhere because I know how to drive and have one motorcycle. I can go anywhere anytime I want. In conclusion, I need to take driver license and have a car to go everywhere that want in the United States. In conclusion, I wonder sometimes if I am the same person I was before I moved. By adjusting my English, my custom, and my transportation, I may appear to others as if I am a new person. However, I think of if not as having changed but as having grown.

How to Find Your GED Records

How to Find Your GED Records Every state in the U.S. has official General Education Diploma (GED) records for  everyone who  has earned a GED in that state. Records can be accessed by the GED holders themselves or by others who have obtained their consent. Reasons to Locate GED Records If you are applying for a job, for example, you will likely need to provide your GED completion date as verification of your education history. You may also need to provide this information as part of a background check if you volunteering at an organization. Finally, you may need to locate GED records if you are a hiring manager and you need to verify the information provided by a job applicant. How to Find GED Records Whether you need a copy of your own GED records  or you want to verify that a job applicant truly earned a GED, there are several steps you need to take: Determine in which state the GED credential was earned.Check the states education website to determine that states requirements for records requests.Get authorization from the GED holder. Most states require:Full name and all past last namesDate of birthSocial Security number (some require only last four digits)Date of records requestSignature of GED holderEmail or mailing address where verification is to be sentSend required information by whichever means the state requests (some have online request forms, but all require the GED holders signature). The turnaround time in many states is only 24 hours, but requests should be made as early as possible. Remember that the only information that will be sent is verification that an official credential was earned and the date on which it was earned. For protection of privacy, no scores are provided. Common Challenges In some cases, you may encounter challenges when you request GED records. Each state has its own guidelines for storing and accessing this information, and some are more compliant than others when it comes to granting requests. The date of testing may affect how easy it is to obtain GED  records. Recent records are more likely to be stored in a digital archive, accessible by computer, while older records are more likely to be found in a physical archive that is less easily searched. To help archivists locate older records, you should be prepared to provide as much information as possible, including past names. Fulfilling requests for older records may take additional time, even up to several weeks. You should take this into account when submitting a  records request. If you are looking for your GED records but missing some of the information listed above, you may still be in luck. In Texas, for example, File IDs are attached to records without  Social Security numbers. GED holders can work with the state education agencys help desk to find out their File IDs and access their complete records.

Macroeconomics Master Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Macroeconomics Master - Research Paper Example From the diagram the output level following a shift in AS curve will decline from Y1 to Y2, price levels will increase from P1 to P2. Therefore the statement is false. Monopolistic competition form of market has a number of characteristics that make it different from other forms of markets, in this market there are many buyers and sellers and the sellers have a degree of controlling prices, consumers have the perception that there are no price differences and that there are only a few barriers to entry and exit. Rational expectations refers to the situation whereby individuals in an economy have all the available information including the past history of an economy, therefore the expected inflation level when people have rational expectation is much higher. In ur case we expect money supply to increase, when there is an increase in money supply we also expect that inflation will rise, for this reason given that we have rational expectations individuals have all the information and we expect inflation to be much higher. For this reason therefore this will affect the level of output by the firms. The output will be affected due to the changes that consumers expect in the market when the level of money supply changes and also the firms will adjust their production level due to the cost incurred due to changes in the level of money supply. The ... form of market has a number of characteristics that make it different from other forms of markets, in this market there are many buyers and sellers and the sellers have a degree of controlling prices, consumers have the perception that there are no price differences and that there are only a few barriers to entry and exit. When we have monopolistic competitive firms in an economy that face menu costs, menu cost refers to the costs that a firm faces when prices changes in the economy. Rational expectations refers to the situation whereby individuals in an economy have all the available information including the past history of an economy, therefore the expected inflation level when people have rational expectation is much higher. In ur case we expect money supply to increase, when there is an increase in money supply we also expect that inflation will rise, for this reason given that we have rational expectations individuals have all the information and we expect inflation to be much higher. For this reason therefore this will affect the level of output by the firms. The output will be affected due to the changes that consumers expect in the market when the level of money supply changes and also the firms will adjust their production level due to the cost incurred due to changes in the level of money supply. c. TRUE The rational expectation Phillips curve implies that the individuals in the economy have al the information regarding all those factors that affect inflation levels in the economy, in this form of expectations the cost of a lower rate of unemployment is a higher rate of inflation, under rational expectations the trade off between unemployment and inflation is much worse than fixed and adaptive expectations. For example if we start with an expected inflation

Considering Bullough's theory of psychical distancing and notions of Essay

Considering Bullough's theory of psychical distancing and notions of kinaesthetic empathy (Stolnitz etc.), discuss the extent - Essay Example Two scholars in particular dominated this debate in the early to mid-twentieth century and this paper explores each of their theories in turn: first Bullough’s theory of psychical distance and secondly Stolnitz’s theory of kinaesthetic empathy . The language of these two authors is quite technical and so definition and clarification of the terms they use in each case is necessary before the theories can be understood in depth. In the light of these two approaches and some more recent critiques of them, there is then a consideration of the extent to which the choreographer can attempt to shape or control the viewer’s degree of attention, and in particular whether or not it is possible to create the conditions within an audience for different levels of attention. A key element in the work of Stolnitz is the idea that when we look at things in the world we always do so with a certain attitude, by which he means that we devote more attention to some things and less t o others and that this varies from person to person and from one occasion to another. He uses the example of an Indian scout giving close attention to markings (Stolnitz, 1960, p. 17) as someone at the more focused end of this spectrum whereas someone just out for a stroll would be at a the less focused end. This state of giving something close attention involves excluding other things which might be a distraction and preparing to react to what is seen, either in a positive or negative way. The relevance of this to dance is that when an audience comes to watch dance being performed they come with a special kind of attitude, involving focus and hopefully a positive expectation of perceiving something worthwhile that they will react to in some way. This kind of expectant appreciation is, in Stolnitz’s terms the aesthetic attitude, deriving from ancient Greek philosophy where aesthetics is the appreciation of beauty. A further important distinction, in Stolnitz’s view, of this special attitude and way of perceiving things is that it is quite different from everyday kinds of perception, because it is not put to some practical purpose: â€Å"Usually perception is merely a rapid and momentary identification of the kind of thing it is and its uses.† (Stolnitz, 1960, p. 18) In contrast to this Stolnitz defines the aesthetic attitude as â€Å"disinterested and sympathetic attention to and contemplation of any object of awareness whatever, for its own sake alone.† (Stolnitz, 1960, p. 19). In ordinary modern English we might assume that â€Å"disinterested† means â€Å"bored† or â€Å"not much interested in† but in fact it has a narrower meaning of not wanting any specific purpose out of the act of paying attention something. In terms of dance, then, this aesthetic attitude is what comes into play when a member of the audience comes simply to observe and enjoy the performance. He or she may at times reflect on what is seen , or react with pleasure, or distaste, or even anger at what happens in the performance, but the point is that coming to see the dance is the only outcome that the observer is really after. The example of a lecturer coming to watch a student performance would not, in Stolnitz’s view, be an example of someone approaching the dance with the appropriate aesthetic

Arts Education Essay Example for Free

Arts Education Essay The purpose of this bibliography is to attain information from credible sources on arts programs in schools. The goal is to provide enough information so that the reader is then able to form their own opinions on the benefits, problems, and policies on arts programs at varying levels of education. Those looking to find detailed information will find this bibliography to be a good starting point. Parsad, B. , and Spiegelman, M. 2012. Arts Education in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools: 1999–2000 and 2009–10 (NCES 2012–014). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U. S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. Web. 24 Jan. 2013 This source is a presentation of unbiased information about both the overall arts education programs and specific sections including: visual arts, music, dance, and theater/drama. The report utilizes a plethora of charts, graphs, and other visual aids to help organize and present the information. Parsad and Spiegelman first present their findings on overall arts education programs including the percentages of schools offering visual arts, music, dance and theater classes. They then dedicate ten to fifteen pages discussing the particulars of each section of the arts listed above. There is so much information in this article that it would be great for someone looking for a broad spectrum understanding of arts education programs. The visual aids complement the information presented and would be easy to incorporate into a variety of works. For someone who is looking to get very specific information about a specific program then this would be a good source to start with, the way the report is divided makes it very easy to find information on a specific sections of an arts program, i. e. music or drama. It would provide the reader with enough information that they could ask their own questions and be able to look further into a specific topic. Catterall, Dumais, and Hampden-Thompson. March 2012. The arts and achievement in at-risk youth : findings from four longitudinal studies. National Endowment for the Arts. Research Report #55). Web. 24 Jan. 2013. This research report is a presentation of years of studies conducted by the National Endowment for the Arts and similar organizations, most being government funded. The authors arrange the report in such a way that the bulk of the report is given through the use of visual graphs and charts, which are accompanied by conclusive statements like â€Å"Teenagers and young adult s of low socioeconomic status (SES) who have a history of in-depth arts involvement show better academic outcomes than do low-SES youth who have less arts involvement. They earn better grades and demonstrate higher rates of college enrollment and attainment. † (12) Most of the graphs simply relate percentages of students with low and high levels of art engagement to achieve certain things like high school graduation, entering a bachelors program, and attaining a steady professional level career. For every study and graph presented or reviewed there is clearly cited sources, if any confusion remains the appendix and cited pages are very clear about how to find more information. Being that this is a report of findings from a national organization it is not biased to or for support of arts programs. For anyone looking for specific statistics to use in a presentation or report of their own, this research report could be very helpful. As previously stated the bulk of the information is presented through graphs and charts that utilize percentages, and is therefore very easy to take and use in a presentation without having to do much work yourself. For someone looking for a more scholarly breakdown of the benefits of arts education on high-risk students this report will not be as helpful, as it would be time consuming to trace the information presented back to the original sources. Dwyer, M.Christine. 2011. Reinvesting in Arts Education: Winning Americas Future through Creative Schools. Presidents Committee on the Arts and the Humanities. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. The reports emphasizes the essential role that arts education programs play in improving student engagement and building creativity. Dwyer discusses, in a lengthy and wordy overview, the current Arts Education programs and policies shortcomings. â€Å"It is widely agreed that the U. S. public education system is not adequately serving a significant portion of our nation’s children and that public K-12 schools must change dramatically o achieve the Administration’s goal that the United States become a global leader in postsecondary attainment by 2020 School leaders and teachers will need to step up to the challenge of finding new ways to engage many more students in meaningful learning † (27) More importantly, this report discusses possible solutions such as reinvesting in arts education, and argues for creating arts-rich schools that can engage students in ways that complement the study of the arts and other traditional subjects such as literature, history, scien ce, and mathematics. Another key takeaway from this report is it shows readers the link between arts education and achievement in other subjects. Being that this source is a report by the President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities, it attempts to present evidence to support the positions of the president and his corresponding political party. As political and wordy as this report is it would most likely benefit someone looking into the politics side of arts education, it would not be as helpful for someone looking for developmental and long term benefits of art involvement in schools. Rabkin, Hedberg. 2011. Arts Education in America: What the Declines Mean for Arts Participation. Based on the 2008 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts. National Endowment for the Arts. (Research Report #52). Web. 24 Jan. 2013. This report presents its findings after researching important question related to arts education in America. Questions like: Has participation in arts programs declined? What does it mean for teachers and students? How has this affected participation in other extracurricular activities? How does this affect support for programs? The article presents the questions to the reader and then follows up with information that supports both positive and negative claims about the answer. Charts are used when needed to simplify information into an easily digestible visual aid. There are numerous sources used as evidence for the information presented, as well as suggestions for further investigation into the questions presented. This report has a very neutral stance towards the information presented. There is good information presented for varying arguments and the ultimate decision is left to the reader. This source would be a fair report to use in a work, especially if in an argumentative essay you need information for the view that opposes yours. However for someone looking for highly specific information this report will only be useful for an introduction into the questions being asked about the national education programs. Oxtoby, David W. 2012. The Place of Arts in Liberal Education. Liberal Education, v98 n2 p36-41 Spr 2012. Oxtoby uses a great deal of logic to explain his opinion on the place of arts in liberal education and he uses statistics to support his views. In his article, he states that diversity in the curriculum is a keystone to success in any liberal education program. He also claims that part of that diversity needs to include a program where students can express their creativity. Being able to express their creativity and the stimulation provided by arts programs lead to more successful students, both in academics, community involvement, and professional work environments. This article is a good source of simple and sound logic in support of arts programs being included in all liberal education. Oxtoby’s statements and presentation of the information is biased towards supports arts programs, but he always includes evidence to support his ideas. Also, while he does not approve of excluding arts in liberal education there is never any negativity in his statements, only more supporting evidence for his ideas. Some readers will find this article to be dry and uninteresting unless they already have some knowledge and opinions on the place of arts in education programs.

My First Experience With a Computer :: Personal Narrative Papers

My First Experience With a Computer I cannot forget how excited I was when I first bought my own computer. Like a mother who spends time sewing and knitting for her newborn baby, I spent hours and hours to sparkle my computer. I waited a long time to buy a brand new computer. I had to work more hours and saved money to buy a computer. I did not want to buy a cheap computer, but I wanted to buy a professional one. Was I professional on computer? No! I was not. I did not even know how to type, but I was sure that my expensive com puter could make me a computer expert. 17 inches monitor, color printer, two speakers and well-designed fancy keyboard made me just happy by looking at them on my desk. What I knew about my computer was how to turn on and off by pressing the big button at the bottom of my computer. I turned on the computer and had no idea what to do next, but I was still happy. I just clicked on everything and did not know how t o go back to the previous screen. Whenever I had problems with my computer, I just turned off the computer. It was pretty simple to clear my computer problems by pressing the power switch. The power switch was a problem solver. Realizing an expensive computer could not make me a computer genius did not take a long time. Whenever my computer was on, I started to have a headache because I did not know what I was doing. When I tried new things on my computer, it always st opped me with warning signs. I could not understand what my computer wanted me to do. My computer really needed to have serious counseling sessions. When I was at home alone, I disciplined my computer. "Hey! You computer listen. I do not think you know who you are. I am the one who tells you what to do. I am a commander, and y ou are my servant. If I tell you to draw a picture, you need to draw me a picture. Do you understand? How dare you to show me stop sign! Please do not tell me what to do. Who is the commander here? You just follow what I tell you to do." Sitting in front of my computer was painful for me. My First Experience With a Computer :: Personal Narrative Papers My First Experience With a Computer I cannot forget how excited I was when I first bought my own computer. Like a mother who spends time sewing and knitting for her newborn baby, I spent hours and hours to sparkle my computer. I waited a long time to buy a brand new computer. I had to work more hours and saved money to buy a computer. I did not want to buy a cheap computer, but I wanted to buy a professional one. Was I professional on computer? No! I was not. I did not even know how to type, but I was sure that my expensive com puter could make me a computer expert. 17 inches monitor, color printer, two speakers and well-designed fancy keyboard made me just happy by looking at them on my desk. What I knew about my computer was how to turn on and off by pressing the big button at the bottom of my computer. I turned on the computer and had no idea what to do next, but I was still happy. I just clicked on everything and did not know how t o go back to the previous screen. Whenever I had problems with my computer, I just turned off the computer. It was pretty simple to clear my computer problems by pressing the power switch. The power switch was a problem solver. Realizing an expensive computer could not make me a computer genius did not take a long time. Whenever my computer was on, I started to have a headache because I did not know what I was doing. When I tried new things on my computer, it always st opped me with warning signs. I could not understand what my computer wanted me to do. My computer really needed to have serious counseling sessions. When I was at home alone, I disciplined my computer. "Hey! You computer listen. I do not think you know who you are. I am the one who tells you what to do. I am a commander, and y ou are my servant. If I tell you to draw a picture, you need to draw me a picture. Do you understand? How dare you to show me stop sign! Please do not tell me what to do. Who is the commander here? You just follow what I tell you to do." Sitting in front of my computer was painful for me.

The Key Aspects of Project and Research Activities

Summarises key aspects of the: 1- project, research activities undertaken 2- ideal generation activities 3- decisions made 4- development stages 5- prototyping 6- final proposal (a summary of the group based presentation) †¦ etc. 1. Topic choose: 2. 1 Which topic we choose: We choose â€Å"the most handmade elements in an art-work† as our topic. 2. 2 Why/how to choose this topic: a) Find something we all interested b) We can easy to control (familiar)-and think about as a designer what kinds of things that we can do in the project.Practice, integrate the module we have learned. c) easy to rise target people’s interests d) positive outcomes (value for society) 2. 3 What the key design management knowledge we want to use and practice in this project: A. Design research — gather the relevant resources to analysis the background, current situation and future trend of the project. Based on which, to find out the existing gaps and opportunities, so that to positio n the project more properly. B. Design management — how to organize a team to achieve the goal. E. g. ime management, communication skill, teamwork etc. C. Design in business — (a) In strategic level: refine core value, target the audiences; (b) In tactical level: choose and develop the strategy of spread the information of the event and gather enough people to involve in, gain financial outcome†¦etc. D. Design manifestation in visual way — (a) How to make the strategic planning more tangible using visual communication in the way of gathering people. (b) How to using visual as a tool to introduce the project more easily in the presentation.E. Design brief — how to present the project in a clear and easy way. 2. 4 Challenge/difficulty of the topic: (a) This is the second time to using design research skill to go through a whole project (b) To use different language to communicate with members (c) Finish the work in only 5 days (d) Separated the task o f the project into small piece in a small team (e) Have less experience on practicing the marketing and branding theory in a practical way (f) How to visualize the idea effectively g) Find evidence to convince audience (h) Do not familiar with Guinness record 2. How to face and conquer the challenge: 3. 5 Schedule of the project process Explain the process, highlight A. We make a schedule based on the module timetable. Because we not only want to follow the module needs but also want to practice what we have learn in a more real situation. B. We did the desk research in order to gain more information about what have already done and its pros and cons. This will help us to develop our own project.Since we have less experience in the topic. C. We use code (e. g. 4 key points and 5W1H) to help us to go through the whole project. D. Based on our background we planning to take more times on research and find evidence rather than do the visualization. 3. The gap we have not fulfill: A. Re search coding and feasible analysis has not done enough so that which leads the project of the topic we choose is too large that we actually cannot control it properly. B. It is hard to negotiate members’ opinions and choose one topic C.Hard to consider each point without missing, and to find the critical point to highlight and manifested as a good idea to show. D. Oral communication and presentation 4. What we have learned: A. More professional way of design thinking in which gathers idea and narrows it, and also not make us fell stress and be lost  from the question. B. Storytelling and keywords can make the presentation more attractive and explain more effectively. C. Divided things into small part, it will become easier to control and conquer.For instance, we divided the whole project into three steps: prepare, launch, exhibition. It really helps us to keep our developing process the case more rational. D. Pay much attention on research and design prototyping is really important. Other wise, we have to face too much-unexpected problems. (e. g. The most error happened on the topic choosing part, by less consider our own ability and deepen research about Ai Weiwei’s project. We doing some real seeds that really help us to communicate the idea to others and presentation).

Monotheistic Religions

After much deep thought and brainstorming about this reflective statement for the monotheistic religions, I realized how much that I have grown intellectually since the beginning of the semester. It is evident that I truly put what Mr. K said at the beginning of the semester into theory: â€Å"don’t believe anything I say. † Prior to taking this course I had very little knowledge about world religions, and the only knowledge I did have were taken from media sources. I was very eager to learn about Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Sikhism, but not so much about Christianity because I am quite familiar with Christianity. This assignment made me realize that I never took the time to think outside of the box, and I’m happy to say that I started, not only in this class, but in all of my other courses. The video â€Å"History on The Devil† was especially captivating because the word â€Å"devil† is synonymous with numerous religions, and used quite frequently in everyday life. I was raised Catholic, and I always associated the Devil with all of the stereotypical ideas and theories like: the fight between good and evil, and the opposite of God. After watching the movie, the meaning of the Devil changed. Now it means anything that is destructive to one’s self. General examples include not losing 10 lbs. due to lack of exercise, a drug addiction, and abusive significant other, or not pursuing a life-long dream. Personally, the challenge or â€Å"Devil† that I face in my life is not completing my degree in a timely manner. I have allowed too many obstacles to come into my path, and delay my success. It is odd how a movie on the devil would offer me motivation to complete school. Chapter 8 Judaism was very intriguing to me because I wanted to visit B’Nai Israel Synagogue for my Religious Visit report. I did not want to attend the service without a basic knowledge of Judaism because I felt like that would have been somewhat disrespectful and in order to be fully immersed in the culture I needed a foundation. According to the text book Israel refers to â€Å"all those who answer the call of God and who acknowledge and strive to obey the one God, through The Torah, or teachings, given to the patriarchs, Moses, and the prophets. † It is this aforementioned quote that intrigued me to learn more about Judaism. It was a simple statement, but I wanted to learn more. As a child, I attended a Synagogue for a summer camp. I am not a practicing Jew, nor are my parents or any close relatives, so at times I felt left out. I remember taking Challah bread on Fridays, and reading out of what I thought was â€Å"The Bible, which is referred to as Tanakh, but I never learned anything about what Jewish people believed or their heritage. There is more to follow on Judaism in my report. I hate to admit this, but I had several stereotypical views of Islam. The aspects of Islam that offended me were the treatment of women, how the institution of marriage is treated, the fact that it is a patriarchal religion, and its affiliation with U. S terrorism. After reviewing the text and videos, I was pleasantly surprised to learn that Islam means â€Å"peace†, and that treatment of women has improved dramatically. Furthermore, polygamy is allowed, but rarely practiced. The spiritual practices and beliefs of Muslims can be summed up in the Five Pillars: belief and witness, daily prayer, zakat (charity), fasting, and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). The last religion I would like to touch base on is Sikhism. I grew up in Taos, NM and there was a Sihk temple down the street, and I was always fascinated by this culture. After researching Sikhism in NM, it is interesting to know that Espanola, NM houses one of the world’s largest populations of Sikhs in the entire world. Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that originated in India in the 15th century. Their place of worship is called gurdwara. The Five K’s refers to the article of faith worn by the Sikhs which include: Kesh, kangha, kara, kachera, and kirpan.

Should whether you live depend upon where you live essay

Should whether you live depend upon where you live essay Should whether you live depend upon where you live? essay Should whether you live depend upon where you live? essayThe different legislation at the state level reveals the difference in the development of provision of citizens with basic services and their protection from possible risks and threats. In such a situation, the debate concerning the policy conducted by the government at the state and federal level focuses on the main issue, whether citizens should stand on the equal ground nationwide or count on the state legislation and regulations.The problem is the result of the disparity between the federal and state legislation and policy. In this regard, the principle of federalism implies the autonomy of states and sovereignty of people. In such a way, citizens can count on the development of policies at the local level oriented on meeting interests and needs of the local population. At this point, the argument of proponents of federalism, who insist on the unification of norms and standards that regulate the standards of health care ser vices and social work, is inconsistent.However, the difference in federal and state policies does not mean the inferior position of some citizens compared to others. Federal policies should set minimal standards, while state policies should count on available resources and enhancement of policies to improve the quality of life of the local population. The development of effective policies depends on the potential of each state.Thus, the development of federal and state policies may vary but federal norms and standards set the minimal level of the provision of basic services that should be available to people nationwide.

Evidence based descision making masters level Essay

Evidence based descision making masters level - Essay Example The Medline, Embase, Chinahl, British nursing index and the Cochrane controlled trials register databases were searched. Two randomized controlled trials containing raw data were selected for use in the review. Both were underpowered, therefore the data were used to create a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that sacral neurostimulation is an efficient means of treating refractory urinary incontinence. The study concluded that sacral neuromodulation is an effective and safe treatment for refractory urge incontinence with long lasting effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of sacral nerve stimulation for the treatment of refractory urinary urge incontinence and review the current knowledge as well as identify knowledge gaps on the effectiveness of the treatment. The review will focus on research studies that either prove or dispel the effectiveness of the treatment in those with refractory urge incontinence. The review will also elaborate on the discussion based on the critical analysis of the literature and will seek to establish the validity and reliability of the findings from the reviewed studies. The study will culminate in recommendations that could advise and inform nursing practice on novel and innovative clinical approaches in dealing with patients with refractory urge incontinence. Research-based or best practice-based solutions will be highlighted as constant reminders for nursing practitioners and other health professionals dealing with urge incontinence. Involuntary release of urine, which may be caused by physiologic, pharmacologic, pathologic, or psychological factors, is known as urinary incontinence (Ogundele, 2006). The International Continence Society (ICS) defines urinary incontinence "as a condition of involuntary urine loss that is objectively demonstrable and is a social or hygienic problem" (Ogundele, 2006). The lifetime prevalence of UI in all ages has been estimated to be about 6.6% in males and

Dreams websites evaluation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dreams websites evaluation - Term Paper Example Dreams are part of a human being’s life.It is said to be products of the subconscious mind, defined and described in numerous ways by experts and those who subjectively experience the dream itself.So much is the impact of dreams to man, that he struggles to remember and find the meaning of such reverie as he awakens. Many have tried to interpret dreams, as these illusions are surprisingly connected between individuals through common objects and events. Two different websites, visited on March 22, 2011, regarding dreams will be tackled in the present paper, evaluating them according to several factors. Websites on dreams As mentioned, the websites visited concern things as dreams and nightmares, finding their meanings and interpreting them. The first site can be found at http://dreamsleep.net/, Dream Meanings - Interpreting the Hidden Meaning of Dreams, created and maintained by Craig Hamilton-Parker T/A Q.K.E. Ltd. The website is full of materials and multimedia that would aid the Internet user in analyzing his or her dreams. In addition, they have live psychic readings, where the dreamer can choose a specific psychic through the profiles given in a particular section of the website. The other website, Dreams & Nightmares, can be found at http://www.dreamsnightmares.com/index.html. No name of the individual or corporation who or that established it is found, but it is hosted by Theorem.ca. It also has several sections emphasizing on dream analysis, symbols, common instances, et cetera. The author(s) of the text written in the site answer certain dream situations with the emphasis of the dreamer’s â€Å"personal touch,† reminding that the interpretation of each reverie is subjective and relative. It gives links to books that may be purchased if the Internet user wants to read more on a certain topic. Appraisal Dream Meanings has several sections that are easily located. The main page also has a video of Craig Hamilton-Parker, who orients the website visitors of the community he and his team have prepared to help dreamers in finding meanings and interpreting their visions psychologically or spiritually, whether they be common or unusual dreams. Links to several dream videos and articles can be found on the right side of the page, and other resources are also accessible by merely clicking on topics which you want to browse. When opening a specific section, one can see that there are other sets of resources and multimedia available. There are visible ads and psychic reading numbers as well. The website is overall â€Å"visitor-friendly,† with easy to read fonts, font sizes and appropriate colored layout that would not visually strain the visitor. Dreams & Nightmares has less resources compared to the previous site. Sections that deal with interpretation, symbols, et cetera, are also available. The main page is bare compared to the other, comprising only of text explaining dreams and nightmares, with small pictures. The font and font size make the text readable, but its fineness placed on a white background may make it hard to read among website visitors who have visual problems. Promotions of certain books and reading materials that could be purchased online can also be found there. As noticed, the style in the sections are usually the same, where someone expresses his or her dream and the author answers the concern and how the dream could be interpreted according to the context of the dreamer. Generally speaking though, it is not hard to go through the site, but an individual trying to dig the most information he or she can about a certain dream may not be satisfied with the content of the website. Comparison In comparing both sites, I would personally recommend Dream Meanings over Dreams & Nightmares. At first glance, the former appears to be more â€Å"visitor-friendly† than the latter. To those who are deeply bothered by their dreams, Dream Meanings somehow flaunts that it can cate r to their needs. For instance, there are videos that can be watched to help the

Hamlet film questionnaire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hamlet film questionnaire - Essay Example 3. The first time we see Prince Hamlet, where is he and what is he doing How does Branagh as a director deal with many of the asides How is Hamlet's first line handled How does this affect our interpretation of that line First time we see Hamlet, he is in the castle, in front of his father's statue wearing a mourning dress .He is speaking to himself .its the first soliloquy of the movie .As both actor and director, he plays the soliloquy not as a reverie but as a moral debate on how to be in the world .the first line is handled in a very poignant way and from the very onset we are given a glimpse of how disgusted and depressed Hamlet is about his father's death. He is so anguished that he himself wants to die. 4. When Ophelia gives the "remembrances" back to Hamlet, there is a critical moment when Hamlet begins to get violent with her. What happens to set him off (NOTE: This happens in the film but is not noted in the stage direction of the play.) 5. There are a few times when the dialogue of the primary character becomes a voice-over and we flash to the scene the character was initially describing. The first example of this is the Ghost's description of his murder to his son, Hamlet.

Wireless Deployment Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wireless Deployment Plan - Assignment Example As for the student population, there will be a very necessary access to the internet which aids in easing congestion in the learning areas, above increasing efficiency to the populace. It is very essential that the authorities having the responsibility of deploying the wireless network are aware of the solutions they are seeking from the new network that is not readily available in the traditional wired network architecture (Trulove, 2002). In most cases, mobility is the most appealing wireless feature. The through-the-air connection from a wireless AP to any enable device calls for other issues to. Key amongst them is the essence of mobility to the institution, in this case the campus. Other issues that emanate are the mode of connection to be spelt out on the ground, essence of remote connection, voice calls and such. Planning of the network set up determines the best suited WLAN architectural adoption with regards to the surrounding environment (Syngress, 2002). Benefits gained from well-suited different environments from stand alone and centrally coordinated architectures available. Depending on deployment area, age of wired infrastructure, building architecture and types of applications to be supported both stand alone and centrally coordinated architectures have advantages and disadvantages. It is essential to have effective and efficient way to manage network regardless of the chosen approach. Site survey is critical before expansion and deployment of the network it enables identification of appropriate technologies to deploy, elimination and avoidance of obstacles, user needs, capacity required to carry out the exercise, expertise needed, area coverage and resources required to successfully ensure project implementation up to its decommissioning. The purpose of this research is to provide recommendations for installation of this network. It aims at achieving

Reflection on Personal Development and Self-Awareness

Reflection on Personal Development and Self-Awareness The Voyage Introduction The title of this essay is The Voyage . Its a reflective essay, and I am using the Gibbs Reflective Cycle (Gibbs, 1988) as a template for this exercise. Its a critical reflection on the importance of personal development and self-awareness, which are necessary if one is successful in becoming, and remaining a councillor. In simple terms its a examination of ones outlook on life, from their own behaviours and to how they interact with other people. By self examination and peer feedback facilities me to become more aware about myself. Conscious of my privileges, prejudices, perceptions, core values, beliefs ,and behaviours. Aware of my strengths, weaknesses and blind spots. This development of self awareness, along with the ability to self reflect on ones life experiences, is viewed as not only necessary, but professionally ethical, as its practice enables a councillor and clients to remain safe and emotionally detached from future relationships they are trying to develop. Because its so easy for a counsellor to fall into the trap of forming a sense of identity or empathy while counselling clients. But its vital for both, especially the councillor, that they remain emotionally detached at all times. Being objective is the main difficulty when assessing our personal development and self awareness. How we see and think of ourselves can be quite different from what other people see us. Only by rigorous personal inventories and feedback from others can we find a yardstick which with we can measure our ethics, and our professional standards which are vital in providing a safe environment when forming a relationship with our clients. Its only by this sometimes painful process of becoming more self aware can we then embarque on our lifelong personal development, and be better equipped in dealing with the challenges presented by possible conflicts, and enable us to be more attuned and less vulnerable with our relationships with future clients. The Voyage According to Plato the famous philosopher Socrates once said The greatest good of a man is daily to converse about virtue, and all that concerning which you hear me examining myself and others, andthatthe life which is unexamined is not worth living (Plato,Apology). This course, which is a diploma in the psychology of counselling, has contained within it a module on personal development and self awareness. This module challenges us to examine our core values, beliefs and prejudices and behaviours.. One of the requirements to becoming a good councillor is to know which way your moral compass points, and to be aware of any prejudices, privileges and blind spots, and to remain emotionally uninvolved. To achieve this one has to embarque on a new journey of fearless self analysis. We were advised to keep a journal, in which we could record events on one side and our feelings of these events on the other side. This has provided me with very valuable insights into my personality while compiling this essay. Also this paper is a reflective essay, and so we must immerse ourselves in self reflection. The goal of this exercise is to make us more self aware. Aware of our personality traits and prejudices, our core values, habits, emotions, and the psychological forces that dictate our behaviour. This comprises of all events, good and bad, acquired throughout our entire lifetime that shapes who we are as a person today, and what we have to offer any potential client. While our tutor explained the module in greater detail, warning us that it could be a emotional rollercoaster for some of us, I could sense the nervous atmosphere throughout the classroom. After all its not easy dissecting ones entire lifetime, reliving all the events, good and bad, questioning ones reactions, the lessons learned or forgotten, and most importantly how these events shaped our personalities, attitudes, and our behaviour. I could see the importance in such an exercise. To become a good councillor requires change, and the first step in making a change of any kind is to beawarethat a change is wanted or needed. This can only be achieved by getting to know oneself by immersing themselves in various scenarios, reflecting on past events, and questioning their reactions and what thoughts were felt at the time. This is the path to self awareness, and its only by self awareness one gets to know what are the strengths and weaknesses they poses that can achieve better results in their role as a councillor, and with their clients. Unlike many of my classmates I thought I had an advantage. The advantage in question is Im an alcoholic and a drug addict, thankfully in recovery, five years clean and sober. Ive been to rehab, several times. The most popular method of treatment used is called the Minnesota Model (Hazelden 1949) , this has developed into the more widely known twelve step program. Today there are many similar twelve step programs. But there is one important step common to all groups, that is step four, which reads: Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves (The Big Book: April 10, 1939, Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc ). My feelings was that in my case it was already done and dusted. In overcoming my addiction I had to dig deep very deep. From my earliest childhood memories up to the present day. I didnt find it easy, but it changed the person I thought I was completely, and was a vital tool to my recovery. The life of a councillor will always be a work in progress, there is no such thing as perfection, but one should always be as self aware as possible, and continue completely and honestly with their personal development. This includes sourcing important feedback from superiors and colleagues, which proves valuable information as to how others view you. Like our tutor explained, the path to personal development and self awareness can be very difficult and emotional. The pain of dredging up memories long buried can be to some too much to endure. But the simple fact is just this, the pain one experiences while undertaking this difficult task, comes in not the journey, it comes by not having the courage to embarque on such a journey. Fear that one has to challenge and change some thought processes and behaviours that they have used and relied upon for some time. Often through various defence mechanisms that they may not be even conscious of. The journey of self discovery can be a difficult one, but I was first in line to buy a ticket, confident I had already been there, and if there were some omissions, I was eager to discover them. I viewed my life story as an open book, and was comfortable in disclosing any of my many shortcomings, to anyone at anytime. However I soon realised it was far from done and dusted. To maintain abstinence we have to always seek self awareness, and continue our personal development. In doing so we have to be completely honest and humble. Completing step four of a twelve step program is like looking at your reflection in a mirror. You only see your shortcomings through your own eyes. The fact that others may see you differently felt slightly uncomfortable, due to the possibility that I may be someone different to whom I thought I was. Over the next two months we sometimes engaged in groups to discuss and debate various topics. One of those being, what are the effects of modern society, and how people living in congested inner cities, with no community can lead to future mental health problems. I once thought of such people as scum. Undeserving of any free handouts. It would be true that I viewed these people as narcissistic parasites. Freeloaders who only existed by terrifying innocent and vulnerable people, and who should be locked up to protect decent honest people. However I began to realise that these same people were victims of a society that judged and condemned them, a society of which I was a part of. I realised that these people didnt have a choice as to which culture and society they were born into. A society which denied them equal access to education, sports and pastimes, marginalising them to such an extent that the easiest path to fill the vacuum they felt was through violence, crime, addiction, and most unfortunately suicide. I learned through enrolling in this course that it was they who were the victims. I grew convinced that the culture and society they lived in, was one we created for them. I soon formed the opinion that the root of these problems was a result of poor parenting. By poor parenting I mean stressed parenting. Stress caused by economic poverty, violence, unemployment, dysfunctional societies, abandoned mothers, poor housing, no access to education, crime, addiction etc. I argued that the problem started from birth, and possibility pre-birth as stress hormones in the mother has been proved as having a negative effect on the unborn foetus. (Verny & Kelly 1981). I was, and still felt that these problems were caused by poor or no attachment to any care giver because nobody cared. I also stated Bowleys opinion which was the infant and young child should experience a warm, intimate, and continuous relationship with his mother (or permanent mother substitute) in which both find satisfaction and enjoyment, and that not to do so may have significant and irreversible mental health consequences ( Bowlby, 1951). I also argued that in my opinion it was a Self fulfilling Prophesy that a Mother, who herself never had any attachment or continuous relationship with her own Mother, while also experiencing possible mental health problems, would give birth to a child whose template of care will be identical to her own, thereby ensuring that the chain of dysfunction remains intact. Another example was related to colour, race, and privilege. We were shown a movie directed by Lee Mun Wha called (The color of fear 1994). This entailed of a group comprising of Eight men, two African American, two Latinos, two Asian American and two Caucasians. The discussion was about race, especially the racial experiences as seen through each others eyes. in America. The exchanges were often dramatic, and sought to clarify the pain caused by racism in North America. In this movie the people of colour expressed their racial experiences and problems in American society compared to the two Caucasians in the group. As the discussion developed one of the African Americans became quite animated if not abusive towards one of the Caucasians in the group. The reaction of the Caucasian was one of surprise. He stated that he often employed these people of colour, and that some of them were his closest friends. He was obviously surprised at being portrayed as a racist. The other coloured people also expressed similar views, though in a calmer fashion. My first interpretation was that the Caucasian in question was being harshly treated. After all it was he who employed and befriended people of colour. As the discussion developed I began to realise some privileges that Caucasians poses and may be unaware of. The structure of American society was built by white Caucasian people of European descent dating back to the colonization of the continent. Any other race such as people of African, Asian, Latino origin arrived later, either through slavery, immigration, or economic need. It was these later arrivals along with native Americans who had to comply with the status quo, which was created by the Founding Fathers (Brown Jul 1976). by white European decedents. I began to realise that the debate may not about hard racism like the violent protests in the US during the1960s human rights movement, (New World Encyclopedia contributors , 05/11/2014) which eventually led to the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (congresslink.org, 2014). My interpretation is that its more like passive discrimination, and that the real issue may be inequality rather than racism, especially economic inequality. The US is one of most unequal societies in the world. Its inequality is now at Great Depression levels (Saez & Zucman 2014) However theres another term called Colour Blindness ( Doob, 2012). The author describes this process as allowing whites to ignore the disadvantages of coloured or non-white population. Doob also argues that white people may believe they live in a world in which racial discrimination no longer exists, but their behaviour often consists of racialized practices. My final analyses of the movie is simply that the Caucasian in question was Colour Blind but was not conscious of the fact. This I believe is because he never discriminated against such people, while also knowing at the same time such practices are widespread. From the irate African American point of view I believe he was angry that Caucasians had the privilege of deciding to play the Race Card or not, while not having this privilege himself, he may have viewed it as a prejudice not evoked, rather than exercising a privilege to which the Caucasian was unaware of. This movie brought into my consciousness some privileges I was totally unaware of. Examples such as race, religion, education, strong family bonds, access to healthcare etc. are some of the privileges I enjoy that many of the people I referred to at the start of this essay dont have. This leads to the question, am I racist? When referring to members of the travelling community, who are Irelands largest ethnic minority, I, like many others are of the opinion that its the minority of travellers that cause the most conflicts. In my opinion it is these people who are responsible for the discrimination experienced by them. Regarding travellers, I have witnessed both sides of their behaviour and culture. For thirty years I was a rural publican. I served travellers on many occasions, not in large groups, but in small groups of two or three that I knew would cause no problems. But unfortunately sooner or later these would arrive in larger groups. These larger groups would include the troublesome minority mentioned above. This would always result in expulsion from the premises. Always my main complaint would be why dont these people take responsibility for the troublesome minority? Instead of attempting to dissuade these minorities they seemed to close ranks and support them. Because my regular customers, to whom I relied on to make a living, objected to their presence, I felt I had no choice but to impose a blanket ban on all travellers. I dont think Im racist towards these people. My decisions were based on pragmatism rather than race. Unfortunately this seems to be the norm throughout todays society, even though some self rightness people object, stating its illegal for this discrimination. But the fact remains that all businesses have the right to refuse service, without having to provide a reason. Since leaving the trade I have come into contact with many of these people and they have treated me with the utmost respect. They are quite aware of the predicament I faced, and understood why I had to be pragmatic in choosing my regular and loyal customers over their unwanted presence. I now see in them a strong moral code. They are deeply religious. But unlike many devout, they also have an unconditional faith to match. A faith to which I have a unconditional respect. However I still question why they dont call to account the small minority of trouble makers who tarnish all the decent members of their identity and culture. Conclusion The two subjects discussed above are just two examples of the advantage of applying Personal development. There are many other examples where personal development and self awareness would be beneficial. All types of counselling present new challenges, wither counselling for depression, addiction, anxiety, bereavement, suicide etc. The fact that when we examine these in greater detail it results in a change of our point of view, we become more aware of subtleties and inaccurate assumptions. We become aware of different views which people revile. In other words it enables us to be more self aware. Because only counsellors who are aware of their own skills and knowledge can successfully help a client, Personal development and self awareness are vital. Today the benefits of personal development and self awareness have become more widespread in society. Practices such as mindfulness, yoga, meditation and other eastern philosophies are now widespread. More and more people practice some disciplines above. People, especially I, now question the narcissistic nature of western capitalism. I question is this the path to personal wellbeing and happiness? I, for one think not. I will end this essay with a quote from ex US President Jimmy Carter. â€Å"Human identity is no longer defined by what one does, but rather by what one owns.† To own ones soul is true freedom. Only self awareness and personal development makes this possible. The End Bibliography Bowlby, J.(1951) Maternal care and mental health, Pg 51 World Health Organization Monograph(Serial No. 2) Brown Richard D. (Jul 1976) The Founding Fathers of 1776 and 1787 A Collective View, pp.465-480. William and Mary Quarterly,3rd Ser., Vol. 33, No. 3 (Jul. 1976). Dirksen Congressional Center. (2014) congresslink.org. Available at: http://www.congresslink.org/print_basics_histmats_civilrights64text.htm [Accessed on 17/11/2014] Doob C.B., (2012) Social inequality and social stratification in US society. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson, 2013. Print. Gibbs, G.(1988)Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods(London, Further Education Unit) Minnesota Model: Hazelden (1949)Available at http://www.hazelden.org/web/public/minnesotamodel.page [accessed on 17/11/2014] New World Encyclopedia contributors, (2014), African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)Available at: :http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1955-1968)&oldid=985152 [Accessed on 17/11/2014] Plato,(Apology, section 38) Saez, E & Zucman,G (2014), Wealth equality in the United States since 1913, University of California–Berkeley & London School of Economics. The Big Book: (April 10, 1939, Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc ). The color of fear (1994) directed by Lee Mun Wha.USF Urban Education & Social Justice 1994. Thomas R. Verny T R & Kelly J, 1982, The Secret Life of the Unborn Child, Published July 15th 1982 by Dell.

Researching the World of Plastic Surgery Essay -- Beauty Plastic Surge

Researching the World of Plastic Surgery In the creation of our beings, we are blessed, and sometimes cursed with features we, as freethinkers, might not otherwise have chosen for ourselves. Certain circumstances however, may arise on the journey known as life, forcing us to reconstruct these features in an effort to construct normal, healthy, lives. Often, we are compelled to reconstruct these features in an effort to enhance an otherwise normal, healthy life. For the individual unaware of the pros and cons, in regards to the acquisition of cosmetic surgery and reconstructive surgery; I produce this composition in an attempt to inform you, the reader; as well as to expand upon my limited knowledge of this field. In researching the world of â€Å"Plastic Surgery†, we approach a dividing factor. There are two categories into which most operations are labeled. Cosmetic surgeries occur when an individual takes notice of a particular feature on his/her body and makes the decision to alter the imperfection. In humans, it is impossible to find a â€Å"flawless† being. Our bodies, in their own right, are not created equal. A certain degree of asymmetry exists within each of us. Symmetry is not a dominant trait in the human race. Take a picture of your face, photographing each side individually. Place each photo side by side. Notice the difference? Each feature, your eyes, your nose, and even your lips take on their own sense of symmetry, or asymmetry if you will. Reconstructive surgery takes place when an individual is blessed with features that hinder his/her ability to lead a normal, healthy, life. Breast augmentation is one of the most frequently requested cosmetic surgeries. Implants are inserted behind the breast tissue of each breast or behind the â€Å"pectoralis† a major muscle, helping to increase the size of the breast. Silicone implants are made of thick material and filled with either saline or an antibiotic solution during the operation. Women are classically partial to this type of operation. However, in recent years, males have exhibited an interest in cosmetic operations pertaining to the enhancement of the male physique, thus leading to the procurement of â€Å"pectoral implants†. Each sex concludes this course of action for similar reasons. Increased sex appeal, heightened sexual pleasure, as well as a new found sense of confidence, infl... ... some of us are pleased with the features we are blessed with, upon entrance into the world. I am not content with the results, time, and gravity, will eventually afford me. Natural occurrences are, at times, the fault of our deformities; proving detrimental to ones emotional, and physical, well being. In those moments, I approve the operations in search of self-preservation, along with the desire and/or immediate need to correct the aesthetic defaults nature has blessed us with. Bibliography http://www.plasticsurgery.org/ http://www.plasticsurgery.org/public_education/Breast-Reconstruction-Resources-Home.cfm http://www.knowledgestation.com/ov/plastic-surgery.htm http://www.1800beyourbest.com/sub_procedures_lipo.html http://www.1800beyourbest.com/sub_procedures_tummy.html http://www.1800beyourbest.com/sub_procedures_nose.html http://www.1800beyourbest.com/sub_procedures_face.html http://www.yourmakeovers.com/breast_lift.htm http://www.yourmakeovers.com/breast_reduction.htm http://www.yourmakeovers.com/laserskin_resurfacing.htm http://www.yourmakeovers.com/liposuction.htm

Case Note on Fletcher Essay

The facts of this case were that the taxpayer (and three others in partnership) entered a complex scheme, which involved the partnership, and annuity and loan arrangements. The scheme was financed through a series of â€Å"round robin† cheques and promised substantial deductions in the first five years of the 15-year plan. A number of documents were exchanged but no cash payments were made. This was calculated to return neutral cash flows with high tax deductions initially and high assessable income, especially in the last five years. A feature of the scheme was that there was an opportunity to terminate it in the last five years. In the relevant year the partnership derived assessable income of $170,000 and claimed deductions of $360,000. The issue before the court was whether the taxpayers were entitled to a deduction for interest. A lot of matters were argued before the case reached the High Court but before the Full Court the Commissioner’s contention was that the interest deduction should apportioned and disallowed under s 51(1) to the extent that it exceeded the partnership income. Their Honours indicated that if a taxpayer’s costs in deriving income were less than the actual income, the deductions would be allowable. However, if the costs exceed the income derived, the taxpayer’s purpose for making the expenditure may be relevant in characterizing and apportioning the expenditure for the purpose of the general deduction provision. This may include the taxpayer’s purpose for incurring the expenditure. Manson CJ, Brennan, Deane, Dawson, Toohey, Gaudron and McHugh JJ said (at ATR 622-3): â€Å"†¦The position may, however, well be different in the case where no relevant assessable income can be identified or where the relevant assessable income is less than the amount of the outgoing†¦the disproportion between outgoing and income, the whole outgoing is properly to be characterized as genuinely and not colourably incurred in gaining or producing assessable income, the entire outgoing will fall within the first limb of s 51(1) unless it is somehow excluded by the exception of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Their Honours concluded that the issue of whether the taxpayers’ interest deduction would be allowable depended on the determination of whether the 15-year annuity plan would in fact runs its full course. The matter was  remitted to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal to determine, as a matter of fact, whether the scheme would run its full 15 years or whether it would be terminated before the last five years. In the former situation, the assessable income would exceed deductions and the interest would be an allowable deduction unde r s 51(1). In the latter situation, an explanation must be sought for the excess of deductions of some $2.7m over assessable income and to the extent that the explanation lay in substantial tax advantages, the outlays were not incurred in gaining assessable income. On the issue of whose purpose must be considered, the court made the following comments: â€Å"In the circumstances of the present case, its determination involves consideration not only of the purposes of the taxpayers but also of the purposes of those who advised them and acted on their behalf and whose ‘acts (and intentions)’ as agents must, as the Second Tribunal expressly pointed out, ‘be imputed to the principals’.† Reduced to its essential elements, if income exceeds outgoings, the taxpayer’s motives are largely irrelevant. If there is no assessable income or outgoings exceed income, a practical and common sense weighing up of all factors is warranted, including the taxpayer’s motive. As was anticipated in Phillip’s case, a disparity between outlay and income may trigger a more rigorous examination of a contract or arrangement. As was suggested in Ure’s case, the absence of a commercial quid pro quo will raise questions about the purpose of the expenditure. Where there is a dual purpose, or a purpose other than income production, expenditure is to be apportioned and there will be circumstances where purpose may mean subjective purpose or motive.